Abstract
Quantum gas microscopy has emerged as a powerful new way to probe quantum many-body systems at the microscopic level. However, layered or efficient spin-resolved readout methods have remained scarce as they impose strong demands on the specific atomic species and constrain the simulated lattice geometry and size. Here we present a novel high-fidelity bilayer readout, which can be used for full spin- and density-resolved quantum gas microscopy of two-dimensional systems with arbitrary geometry. Our technique makes use of an initial Stern-Gerlach splitting into adjacent layers of a highly stable vertical superlattice and subsequent charge pumping to separate the layers by 21 μm. This separation enables independent high-resolution images of each layer. We benchmark our method by spin- and density-resolving two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard systems. Our technique furthermore enables the access to advanced entropy engineering schemes, spectroscopic methods, or the realization of tunable bilayer systems.
Highlights
Quantum simulation has opened a new and unique window to explore static and dynamical properties of quantum matter [1,2,3,4,5], which is difficult to access with classical numerical computations
Quantum gas microscopy has emerged as a powerful new way to probe quantum many-body systems at the microscopic level
Layered or efficient spin-resolved readout methods have remained scarce as they impose strong demands on the specific atomic species and constrain the simulated lattice geometry and size
Summary
We demonstrate a novel approach that overcomes all these challenges. It allows us to realize and image bilayer systems and to obtain full spin- and densityresolved images of two-dimensional quantum gases with arbitrary geometries, including the two-dimensional FermiHubbard systems studied here. By using a vertical bichromatic superlattice, we gain full control over coupled layers to implement a charge pump [29,30,31,32,33,34], which makes our scheme especially robust and efficient We use this quantum pump to separate two initially coupled layers over large distances. In the vertical z direction the atomic system is usually confined to a single layer of a highly stable bichromatic optical superlattice [see Fig. 1(a) and the Supplemental Material [36] ]. This vertical lattice exhibits short (long) lattice spacings of asz 1⁄4 3 μm (alz 1⁄4 6 μm) and is created by interfering two laser beams of wavelength λs 1⁄4 532 nm (λl 1⁄4 1064 nm) at an angle of 5.1°. This is referred to as geometric pumping and lies at the heart of topological charge pumping in (a)
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