Abstract
The implementation of static artificial magnetic fields in ultracold atomic systems has become a powerful tool, e.g. for simulating quantum-Hall physics with charge-neutral atoms. Taking an interacting bosonic flux ladder as a minimal model, we investigate protocols for adiabatic state preparation via magnetic flux ramps. Considering the fact that it is actually the artificial vector potential (in the form of Peierls phases) that can be experimentally engineered in optical lattices, rather than the magnetic field, we find that the time required for adiabatic state preparation dramatically depends on which pattern of Peierls phases is used. This can be understood intuitively by noting that different patterns of time-dependent Peierls phases that all give rise to the same magnetic field ramp, generally lead to different artificial electric fields during the ramp. As an intriguing result, we find that an optimal choice allows for preparing the ground state almost instantaneously in the non-interacting system, which can be related to the concept of counterdiabatic driving. Remarkably, we find extremely short preparation times also in the strongly-interacting regime. Our findings open new possibilities for robust state preparation in atomic quantum simulators.
Highlights
The engineering of artificial magnetic fields for charge-neutral atoms in optical lattices has been a powerful tool to simulate lattice models with exotic phases including quantum Hall states and topological insulators [1–7]
Considering the fact that it is the artificial vector potential that can be experimentally engineered in optical lattices, rather than the magnetic field, we find that the time required for adiabatic state preparation dramatically depends on which pattern of Peierls phases is used
We investigate the adiabatic preparation of the ground state in such ladder systems via continuously ramping up the corresponding Peierls phases
Summary
The engineering of artificial magnetic fields for charge-neutral atoms in optical lattices has been a powerful tool to simulate lattice models with exotic phases including quantum Hall states and topological insulators [1–7]. In these experiments a static artificial gauge potential (in the form of Peierls phases) is engineered in a particular choice of gauge (relative to the plain lattice without magnetic field). As minimal lattice systems with artificial magnetic fields, flux ladders have recently drawn tremendous attention, including the experimental observation of chiral edge currents [25–30], the theoretical exploration of rich phase diagrams [31–54], the investigation of Laughlin-like states [55–60], the study of Hall effect [61–65] and other aspects [66–72]. When φ and η vary in time, θl⊥′l(φ) and θl′l(φ, η) no longer describe gauge choices, but different artificial electric fields
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