Abstract
A compact wearable symmetrical e-slots antenna operated at 2.4 GHz was proposed for Medical Body Area Network applications. The design was printed onto a highly flexible fabric material. The final design topology was achieved by the integration of symmetrical e-slots antenna with an Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) and Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The use of EBG was to isolate the body and antenna from each other whereas the DGS widened the bandwidth. This combination forms a novel and compact structure that broadens bandwidth. This broadened bandwidth makes the structure robust to deformation and loading in the human body. The design achieved a measured impedance bandwidth of 32.08 %, a gain of 6.45 dBi, a Front to Back Ration (FBR) of 15.8 dB, an efficiency of 72.3% and a SAR reduction of more than 90%. Hence, the integration of symmetrical e-slots antenna with EBG and etched DGS is a promising candidate for body-worn devices.
Highlights
Nowadays, the requirements of wearable devices in the ICT arena for in-body, off-body, and on-body applications; the Internet of Things, and Wireless Sensor Networks has drawn great concern
The results revealed that the radiation pattern almost maintained the same shape as the normal scenario with a reduction in Front to Back Ration (FBR)
A wearable symmetrical e-slots antenna over a 2 × 2 Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) array with etched Defected Ground Structure (DGS) was proposed to operate at 2.4 GHz for Medical Body Area Network applications
Summary
The requirements of wearable devices in the ICT arena for in-body, off-body, and on-body applications; the Internet of Things, and Wireless Sensor Networks has drawn great concern. A. ANTENNA OVER 2 × 2 EBG WITH AND WITHOUT ETCHED DGS ARRAYS Modern wearable systems require a compact design and broad bandwidth to avoid sensitivity to resonant frequencies from deformation and loading on the human body. The dimension of the antenna is optimized to resonate at 2.4 GHz. introducing DGS to the ground of EBG detuned S11 due to changes in the current distribution that led to variations in distributed inductance and capacitance. B. IMPACTS OF DEFORMATION ON DESIGN PERFORMANCE The above analysis of free space shows that the integrated symmetric e-slots antenna on a 2 × 2 EBG array with etched. The desired frequency was still within the −10 dB bandwidth
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