Robust and Cost-Efficient Coordinated Primary Frequency Control of Wind Power and Demand Response Based on Their Complementary Regulation Characteristics

Abstract

This paper first points out and carefully analyzes the complementary regulation characteristics (CRC) of wind power generators (WGs) and demand response resources (DRRs), which indicate the fact that their regulation capacities and costs of upward and downward regulation are significantly different and complementary. Based on the CRC of WGs and DRRs, this paper proposes a coordinated control to achieve a more robust and cost-efficient primary frequency regulation (PFR). In the proposed coordinated control, the droop gains of WGs and DRRs for upward and downward regulation are designed in a coordinated way so that the resources with larger capacities and lower costs could provide more frequency support. Meanwhile, the stability and robustness conditions of their coordinated droop gains are constructed by small-signal analysis method and the potential instability risks arising from unreasonable coordinated droop gains and time delays are addressed. An optimal <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> control method and an updated mechanism are supplemented to obtain the optimal droop gains under the proposed coordinated structure for ensuring optimal system robustness under different CRCs. The robust performances and costs of the proposed coordinated control are evaluated on the IEEE 39-bus test system and its advantages are verified.