Abstract
In urology, the main use for the robotic technique has been in radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Robotic surgery for other organs, such as the kidneys and bladder, has been less explored. However, partial nephrectomy or radical nephroureterectomy can be difficult for inexperienced laparoscopic surgeons. The advent of the da Vinci robot, with multijointed endowristed instruments and stereoscopic vision, decreases the technical difficulty of intracorporeal suturing and improves the reconstructive steps.The objective of this article is to offer an overview of all robotic procedures recently developed in the field of urology. We evaluate the feasibility of these procedures and their potential advantages and disadvantages. We also describe perioperative, postoperative, and oncologic outcomes of robot-assisted surgery as well as perform a comparison with open and laparoscopic techniques.Comparative data and an adequate follow-up are needed to demonstrate equivalent oncologic outcomes in comparison with traditional open or laparoscopic procedures.
Highlights
Laparoscopic surgery represented a major breakthrough in the urologic field, due to the decreased intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), shorter hospital stay, and quicker return of the patient to function [1]
Urology is the surgical specialty that really introduced the possibilities of robot-assisted surgery and ensured its very rapid development with its application to the radical prostatectomy procedure
In the field of oncologic urologic surgery, the robotic approach has been applied to radical prostatectomy, radical cystoprostatectomy, partial and radical nephrectomy, and nephroureterectomy [2]
Summary
Laparoscopic surgery represented a major breakthrough in the urologic field, due to the decreased intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), shorter hospital stay, and quicker return of the patient to function [1]. A case series has been reported in the literature of radical cystectomy performed with minimally invasive approaches such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques [5].
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