Abstract
Background: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) by pacing the left and right ventricles is an emerging option for the treatment of severe heart failure with ventricular conduction disturbances. Currently, stimulation through a coronary vein is the technique of choice to achieve left ventricular (LV) pacing. Unfortunately, this approach carries significant limitations and drawbacks. Therefore, we explored robotic-enhanced thoracoscopic implantation of an epicardial lead as an alternative technique to stimulate the LV in cardiac resynchronization therapy.
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