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Abstract
Over the past decade, DNA nanotechnology has spawned a broad variety of functional nanostructures tailored toward the enabled state at which applications are coming increasingly in view. One of the branches of these applications is in synthetic biology, where the intrinsic programmability of the DNA nanostructures may pave the way for smart task-specific molecular robotics. In brief, the synthesis of the user-defined artificial DNA nano-objects is based on employing DNA molecules with custom lengths and sequences as building materials that predictably assemble together by obeying Watson–Crick base pairing rules. The general workflow of creating DNA nanoshapes is getting more and more straightforward, and some objects can be designed automatically from the top down. The versatile DNA nano-objects can serve as synthetic tools at the interface with biology, for example, in therapeutics and diagnostics as dynamic logic-gated nanopills, light-, pH-, and thermally driven devices. Such diverse apparatuses can also serve as optical polarizers, sensors and capsules, autonomous cargo-sorting robots, rotary machines, precision measurement tools, as well as electric and magnetic-field directed robotic arms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in robotic DNA nanostructures, mechanics, and their various implementations.
Highlights
Over the past decade, DNA nanotechnology has spawned a broad variety of functional nanostructures tailored toward the enabled state at which applications are coming increasingly in view
Thanks to effortless automated design[12,13] and powerful simulation tools,[14] programmable DNA-based nanostructures such as scaffolded DNA origami[15,16] and various top-down fabricated wireframe structures[17] have enjoyed widely spread interest as drug carriers,[18,19] measurement and sensing tools,[20] photonic instruments,[21,22] molecular templates,[23,24] spectroscopic rulers,[25,26] and eventually the dynamic nanoscale devices discussed in depth in this review
The topic is discussed elsewhere.[45−48] Here, we describe the progress in user-defined robotic DNA nanostructures by summarizing the recent achievements of device development for a variety of applications
Summary
E.g., DNA conformational changes Resolving DNA base stacking interaction Measuring, e.g., forces between nucleosomes and nucleosome unwrapping. Diagnostics, molecular computing Targeted and programmable drug delivery, computing ( in vivo) Selective and controlled display/release of molecular cargo
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