Abstract
AbstractWe have developed a high‐throughput system to synthesise and explore up to 96 heterogeneous catalysts at the same time. The system was developed as a proof of concept, using a standard glass plate and a 3D printed 96‐well plate. Nano‐droplets of catalyst formulations were transferred to the glass plate using an acoustic liquid handler and upon heat treatments, the miniature mesoporous metal oxide (MMO) catalysts were formed. The 3D printed bottomless 96‐well plate was fixed to the glass plate, to give 96 individual wells, each containing a catalyst. Four catalyst plates were prepared (Co3O4‐, Au/Co3O4‐, Pd/Co3O4‐ and Co/Mn‐MMO) to be screened for their activity in the oxidation of morin, as a model reaction. The observed reaction rates (kobs) for each catalyst were calculated to identify the most active catalyst. The general method described herein requires microscopic amounts of catalysts with derivates of the catalyst's composition.
Highlights
The use of heterogeneous catalysis in industry has become popular in recent years
High-throughput miniaturisation of catalysis can be achieved by using microscopic amounts of mesoporous metal oxide formulations, for the miniature synthesis of heterogeneous mesoporous metal oxide catalysts
A workflow was set up for the rapid screening of miniature multimetallic species of mesoporous metal oxides catalyst for their activity towards the oxidation of morin. This was conducted by using a combination of state-of-the-art acoustic liquid handling (Echo acoustic handler) as well as affordable (Opentrons and 3D printing) technologies
Summary
The use of heterogeneous catalysis in industry has become popular in recent years. Heterogeneous catalysis has numerous advantages over homogeneous catalysis. In comparison with homogeneous catalysis, the heterogeneous system is a two-phase system (the catalyst being solid), making the catalyst recyclable and reusable, which is impossible with a homogeneous system since catalyst, substrate and products remain in the same phase [1]. This generates unnecessary waste increasing the environmental footprint. It is known that heterogeneous catalysts are often less efficient than a homogeneous catalyst This problem is often overcome by supporting a homogeneous catalyst onto a solid support. This might lead to the deactivation of the catalysts, leading to a reduced turnover [4], [5]
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