Abstract
Supporting the development of a child with autism is a multi-profile therapeutic work on disturbed areas, especially understanding and linguistic expression used in social communication and development of social contacts. Previous studies show that it is possible to perform some therapy using a robot. This article is a synthesis review of the literature on research with the use of robots in the therapy of children with the diagnosis of early childhood autism. The review includes scientific journals from 2005–2021. Using descriptors: ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), Social robots, and Robot-based interventions, an analysis of available research in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was done. The results showed that a robot seems to be a great tool that encourages contact and involvement in joint activities. The review of the literature indicates the potential value of the use of robots in the therapy of people with autism as a facilitator in social contacts. Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT) can encourage child to talk or do exercises. In the second aspect (prompting during a conversation), a robot encourages eye contact and suggests possible answers, e.g., during free conversation with a peer. In the third aspect (teaching, entertainment), the robot could play with autistic children in games supporting the development of joint attention. These types of games stimulate the development of motor skills and orientation in the body schema. In future work, a validation test would be desirable to check whether children with ASD are able to do the same with a real person by learning distrust and cheating the robot.
Highlights
Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT) has grown in popularity over the past few years [1,2]
These results suggest that VM through robot animation effectively teaches low-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to recognize and produce gestures in specific social situations
Bharatharaj et al [6] checked whether therapy through interaction with a robot has an impact on changing the level of stress in children with autism
Summary
Robot-Assisted Autism Therapy (RAAT) has grown in popularity over the past few years [1,2]. Children with autism need many different stimulations for the proper development of sensitivity to physical contact. They look for them themselves (e.g., friendly smells, sounds, flavors, or special touch) or receive them from experienced therapists. One can say that people with autism are desperate to organize the world so that nothing unknown will ever appear in it They embrace various rules and rituals so that every eventuality can be predicted and that no variables appear in their everyday life. Despite their abilities, some even above average people with autism have low self-esteem and a sense of difference
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