Robot assisted sacroiliac screw placement with a modified method of screw path planning

Abstract

Objective: To introduce a robot-assisted modified method of sacroiliac screw path planning in order to reduce the incidence of screw misplacement. Methods: The study involved 13 patients suffering from posterior pelvic injuries treated by percutaneous sacroiliac screw in Yantai Shan Hospital from August 2016 to May 2018. The patients included 9 males and 4 females, aged from 18 to 70 years (mean age 46.2 years). Causes of injury were traffic accidents (n=7), crushing injury (n=4) and fall from height (n=2). According to AO classification, 8 cases were classified with type B fractures (3 with type B1 and 5 with type B2), and 5 cases with type C fractures (2 with type C1, 1 with type C2, 2 with type C3). All the patients were treated by robot-assisted percutaneous sacroiliac screws (AO cannulated screws with a diameter of 7.3 mm) with an improved method of screw path planning. The screw placement time, blood loss, postoperative neurological, vascular and visceral function etc were observed. X-ray and CT were checked in the follow-up after the operation. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to assess the pain degree of patients one week after the surgery. Results: All the sacroiliac screws were successfully implanted once with the robot-assisted improved method of screw path planning. The mean placement time of single screw was 15.9 min and the mean blood loss for single screw placement was less than 1 ml. No clinical manifestations of injuries of blood vessels, internal organs and lumbosacral nerve was found after the operation. The postoperative X-ray films and CT showed that none of the sacroiliac screws wore out the sacral body or the sacral wing's frontal cortex. Also, it was found that none of the sacroiliac screws strayed into the sacral canal and the intervertebral space. The mean VAS score decreased from preoperative 6.9 (4-10) to postoperative 1.8(0-3). Conclusion: The robot-assisted improved method of screw path planning contributes to safe and accurate sacroiliac screw placement.