Рroblems of Identifcation and Recognition of Digital Financial Assets in Accounting

Abstract

The article considers the problematic accounting issues of recognizing digital fnancial assets (DFA) in particular crypto currencies and tokens according to the draft of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “About Digital Financial Assets”. The methodology of the research is based on the content-analysis of the text of the above draft as well as the use of general scientifc methods and special tools of scientifc research such as analogy and comparison. There were also used methodological bases of accounting system cognition, i.e. identifcation of subjects, items and object of accounting; singling out problematic issues in organizing accounting on methodological, methodical and organizational levels. The main results of the research include the identifcation of new subjects when fnancial assets are created and circulate along with corresponding subject areas and accounting objects for each subject. In particular the following subjects are singled out: miners, validators, DFA operations offcers and other entities making transactions with DFA. New accounting objects for these subjects are; digital transaction; digital fnancial assets; digital recording; property right in a transaction register; crypto currency rate; income and expenditure related to turnover and/or exchange of DFA; settlements with exchange operators. The author critically assesses the IFRS applicability for crypto currency accounting and formulates groups of problematic issues at each level of organizing DFA accounting. The prospects of further research include the development of methodology for accounting of each identifed subject of DFA creation and turnover in accordance with the subject and objects of accounting.