Abstract

N Quinquagesima Sunday, February ii, I525/6, an imposing ceremony was enacted in St. Paul's Cathedral before a throng which packed the great church to its doors. The service was presided over by Cardinal Wolsey, who, with thirty-six bishops and mitered abbots, sat upon a platform especially constructed for the occasion. A solemn sermon was preached by John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester. Then followed the ceremony for which, according to traditional accounts, this tremendous affair had been organized-the public penance for heresy of Robert Barnes, prior of the Cambridge house of the Austin Friars.' About a year earlier Barnes had espoused some of the doctrines of Martin Luther and had joined himself to the little group of eager disseminators of those doctrines within the university. On Christmas Eve, I 525, from the pulpit of St. Edward's at Cambridge, Barnes had preached a sermon setting forth his new opinions. The sermon had

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