Roadmaps to a vaccine

Abstract

More than 30 years since the AIDS pandemic began, there is still no effective vaccine. But analysis of broadly acting, potent human antibodies obtained from single cells suggests a rational approach to vaccine development. See Article p.469 Hua-Xin Liao et al. followed the evolution of an HIV-1 virus, and the concurrent co-evolution of a CD4-binding-site broadly neutralizing antibody (BnAb), from the time of infection of a single African patient for a period of more than 3 years. The neutralizing antibody, of CH103 lineage, is a new type of BnAb that binds in a completely loop-based manner that differs from that of VRC01 class monoclonal antibodies — the CH103 lineage is less mutated, with fewer unusual macromutations and may be easier to induce. This work has implications for HIV vaccine development, suggesting viral strains that might generate broadly neutralizing antibodies within the host.