Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are the first solution processed semiconductors that can compete in their functionality with conventional semiconductors, such as silicon. Over the past several years, perovskite semiconductors have reported breakthroughs in various optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting and memory devices, and so on. Until now, perovskite semiconductors face challenges regarding their stability, reproducibility, and toxicity. In this Roadmap, we combine the expertise of chemistry, physics, and device engineering from leading experts in the perovskite research community to focus on the fundamental material properties, the fabrication methods, characterization and photophysical properties, perovskite devices, and current challenges in this field. We develop a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art and offer readers an informed perspective of where this field is heading and what challenges we have to overcome to get to successful commercialization.
Highlights
The challenge of environmental deterioration of perovskites has been tackled by encapsulation technologies,[66] the intrinsic instabilities of the material under applied voltage, light-soaking, thermal stress reflected in hysteresis, and performance drift continue to compromise the longterm stability
The use of expensive charge selective materials, e.g., spiro-OMeTAD, and gold electrode in the highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) increases the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by up to 500%–800% compared to the module, which was calculated to be
A fundamental understanding on charge transport layers (CTLs)/perovskite interfaces to improve the performance of PSCs close to their thermodynamic limit needs further studies
Summary
Research on metal halide perovskites has made tremendous progress. When it comes to commercialization, one needs to consider fabrication issues related to upscaling laboratory-scale devices to larger areas Despite these challenges concerning understanding device physics and functionality, there has been no material class in the recent past that attracted such high interest and introduced a paradigm change concerning the efficiency of solution processed semiconductors for solar cells. In this Roadmap, we summarize various important aspects to provide an overview of the current status of perovskite semiconductor research and indicate promising directions for future research efforts
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