Abstract
Road pricing is one of the main purposes of traffic management policies in order to reduce personal car use. Understanding the behaviour of drivers under the impact of the road pricing policy, can assist transportation planners in making better and more efficient decisions. This research aims at investigating the reactions of private car users to road pricing using stated preference (SP) method on the one hand, and on the other hand, studies the road pricing effect on traffic flow and pollutants. To this aim, the acceptance rate of pricing, which is obtained from modeling of survey data, as well as real traffic flow data in Shahid Hemmat Highway in Tehran, Iran, are applied as the simulation software input. Based on the results of this research, at the lowest price (TN11000), the contribution of toll acceptance is equal to 64/91 percent. The fuel consumption rate at this price decreases to 49/91% and the emission rate of CO2, NOx, particle material (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants decrease to 56.82%, 49.46%, 36.8% and 63.17%, respectively. At the highest price (TN10000), toll acceptability, fuel consumption, CO2, NOx, PM and VOC emission rates decrease to 5.47%, 3.57%, 3.98%, 2.85%, 1.22% and 4.86%, respectively.
Highlights
Nowadays, traffic congestion and subsequent travel delays and air pollution have become significant problems for most urban communities
The fuel consumption rate at this price decreases to 49.91% and the emission rate of CO2, NOx, particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants decrease to 56.82%, 49.46%, 36.8% and 63.17%, respectively
The stated preference (SP) method was employed to find out the reactions of private car users to road pricing
Summary
Traffic congestion and subsequent travel delays and air pollution have become significant problems for most urban communities. In the USA, the Texas Transportation Institute reports, in its 2012 Urban Mobility update [4] that congestion costs (in constant 2011 dollars) continue to rise from US$24 billion in1982 to US$121 billion in 2011 This is associated with 2.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel (enough to fill four New Orleans Superdomes), $121 billion of delay and fuel cost (the negative effect of uncertain or longer delivery times, missed meetings, business relocations and other congestion-related effects are not included), 56 billion pounds of additional carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere during urban congested conditions, and the cost to the average commuter was $818 in 2011 compared to an inflation-adjusted $342 in 1982
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