Abstract
AbstractRoad traffic is known to have its own complex dynamics. One implication of complexity is that road traffic collisions have become an unwelcome but unavoidable part of human life. One of the major causes of collisions is the human factor. While car manufacturers have been focusing on developing feasible solutions for autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles to replace or assist human drivers, the proposed solutions have been designed only for individual vehicles. The road traffic, however, is an interaction-oriented system including complex flows. Such a system requires a complex systems approach to solving this problem as it involves considering not only pedestrians, road environment, but also road traffic which can include multiple vehicles. Recent research has demonstrated that large-scale autonomous vehicular traffic can be better modeled using a collective approach as proposed in the form of vehicular cyber-physical systems (VCPS) such as given by Li et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23(9):1775–1789, 2012) or Work et al. (Automotive cyber physical systems in the context of human mobility. In: National workshop on high-confidence automotive cyber-physical systems, Troy, MI, 2008). To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no comprehensive review of collision avoidance in the VCPS. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature review of VCPS from the collision-avoidance perspective. The review includes a careful selection of articles from highly cited sources presented in the form of taxonomy. We also highlight open research problems in this domain.
Highlights
Road traffic dynamics are complex in nature
The results showed that KNN classifies these emotions with 66.3 %, MBP with 76.7 % and RBP classify them with 91.9 % accuracy
The goal of the current review is to give an extensive review of literature related to collision avoidance solutions primarily with a focus on the aspects of communication in the domain of vehicular cyber-physical systems
Summary
Road traffic dynamics are complex in nature. According to Zhao (2011), road traffic demonstrates various complex systems properties like non-uniformity, non-linearity, and adaptability, it can be considered as complex in nature. Autonomous vehicles (AVs), adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane departure warning, and early collision avoidance systems are the different types of VCPS. B. Experimental‐state of the art by academia Vision system helps autonomous cars in detecting, like human drivers, incoming road terrains and obstacles. The missing part of research is that the appearance of sudden obstacles likes pedestrians and animals have not been considered, and may cause severe collisions These types of road tweaks can be handled using some proactive approach. Most of the collisions avoidance solutions of autonomous vehicles, interesting to note, are inspired from the other fields like economics (game theory), psychology, nature, and physics. This synergistic approach helps the researcher to devise novel solutions. In order to avoid the road collisions between autonomous vehicles, game
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