Abstract
With the improvement in transportation infrastructure and in-vehicle technology in addition to a meteoric increase in the total number of commercial and non-commercial vehicles on the road, traffic accidents may occur, which usually cause a high death toll. More than half of these deaths occur due to a delayed response by medical care providers and rescue authorities. The chances of survival of an accident victim could increase drastically if immediate medical assistance is provided at an accident location. This work proposes a low-cost accident detection and notification system, which utilizes a multi-tier IoT-based vehicular environment; principally, it uses V2X Communication and Edge/Cloud computing. In this work, vehicles are equipped with an On-Board Unit (OBU) in addition to mechanical sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope) for reliable accident detection along with a Global Positioning System (GPS) module for identification of accident location. In addition to this, a camera module is implanted on the vehicle to capture the moment when an accident takes place. In order to facilitate inter-vehicle communication (IVC), OBU in each vehicle incorporates a wireless networking interface. Once an accident occurs, a vehicle detects it and generates an alert message. It then sends the message along with the accident location to an intermediate device, placed at the edge of the vehicular network, and therefore called an edge device. Upon receiving the notification, this edge device finds the nearest hospital and makes a request for an ambulance to be dispatched immediately. It also performs some preprocessing of data and effectively acts as a bridge between the sensors installed inside the vehicle and the distant server deployed in the cloud. A significant issue that the traffic authorities are currently facing is the real-time visualization of data obtained through such environments. Wireless interfaces are usually capable of forwarding real-time sensor data; however, this feature is not yet commercially available in the OBU of the vehicle; therefore, practical implementation is carried out using the Internet of things (IoT) in order to create a network among the vehicles, the edge node, and the central server. By performing analysis on the adequate acquired data of road accidents, the constructive plans of action can be devised that may limit the death toll. In order to assist the relevant authorities in performing wholesome analysis of refined and reliable data, a dynamic front-end visualization is proposed, which is hosted in the cloud. The generated charts and graphs help the personnel at relevant organizations to make appropriate decisions based on the conclusive analysis of processed and stored data.
Highlights
The rise in the number of vehicles is bound to have some adverse effects, including, but not restricted to, traffic congestion in densely populated areas and overburdening of the infrastructure in an urban area
It sends the message along with the accident location to an intermediate device, placed at the edge of the vehicular network, and called an edge device. This edge device finds the nearest hospital and makes a request for an ambulance to be dispatched immediately. It performs some preprocessing of data and effectively acts as a bridge between the sensors installed inside the vehicle and the distant server deployed in the cloud
Wireless interfaces are usually capable of forwarding real-time sensor data; this feature is not yet commercially available in the On-Board Unit (OBU) of the vehicle; practical implementation is carried out using the Internet of things (IoT) in order to create a network among the vehicles, the edge node, and the central server
Summary
The rise in the number of vehicles is bound to have some adverse effects, including, but not restricted to, traffic congestion in densely populated areas and overburdening of the infrastructure in an urban area It causes a higher amount of deaths yearly, related to traffic. One such instance is an accident that took place on 2 September 2015 in the Ojuelegba suburb in Lagos, Nigeria’s capital. It all began when a container of products fell on a passenger car and a newlywed couple was killed. The latest research undertaken by the World Health Organization (WHO) [1] shows that approximately 1.25 million individuals die each year as a result of road accidents and millions more are injured, almost 49% of which are passing pedestrians and cyclists
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