Abstract
The ribosome is the universal catalyst for protein synthesis. Despite extensive studies, the diversity of structures and functions of this ribonucleoprotein is yet to be fully understood. Deciphering the biogenesis of the ribosome in a step-by-step manner revealed that this complexity is achieved through a plethora of effectors involved in the maturation and assembly of ribosomal RNAs and proteins. Conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes, double-stranded specific RNase III enzymes play a large role in the regulation of gene expression and the processing of ribosomal RNAs. In this review, we describe the canonical role of RNase III in the biogenesis of the ribosome comparing conserved and unique features from bacteria to eukaryotes. Furthermore, we report additional roles in ribosome biogenesis re-enforcing the importance of RNase III.
Highlights
Biogenesis and Beyond.Universally conserved, the ribosome is a complex ribonucleoparticle that acts as the catalyst for protein synthesis
Ribosomal biogenesis relies on the transcription of precursors Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), which are processed into mature rRNAs [2,3]
We focus on the diversity of RNase III enzymes from bacteria to eukaryotes and their roles in ribosome assembly
Summary
Ribosomal biogenesis relies on the transcription of precursors rRNAs, which are processed into mature rRNAs [2,3]. RNase IIIs are endoribonucleases cleaving dsRNA conserved from bacteria (e.g., RNase III) to eukaryotes Subsequent studies demonstrated that RNase III is involved in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria and the maturation of non-coding RNAs in eukaryotes. We focus on the diversity of RNase III enzymes from bacteria to eukaryotes and their roles in ribosome assembly. We illustrate the diversity in the RNase III family from E. coli RNase III to the more specialized Drosha and Dicer enzymes. We recapitulate how RNase III enzymes are directly involved in the maturation of rRNAs. we report other indirect roles of RNase III in ribosome biogenesis, highlighting its importance in ribosome homeostasis.
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