Abstract
Muscle activity is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory neuropeptides allowing for contraction and relaxation. In Arthropods, one of the important myoinhibitors is Myosuppressin, belonging to FMRFamide-like peptides, that was shown to have inhibitory effects on visceral muscle contraction and to regulate vital physiological processes including reproduction or feeding. We have identified myosuppressin in salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (LsalMS) and systematically characterised its function and complex abnormalities emerging after LsalMS knockdown by RNAi in all developmental stages in this species. Immunohistochemistry analysis localized the LsalMS mainly to the central nervous system, but also to the vital organs within the alimentary tract and the reproductive system. The most striking feature of LsalMS deficiency during lice development was severe reduction of the muscle content, with abnormalities detected in both the visceral and skeletal muscles. Moreover, down-regulation of LsalMS affects moulting, spermatophore deposition and feeding by affecting development of the intestinal wall and increasing its contraction frequency.
Highlights
Muscle activity is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory neuropeptides allowing for contraction and relaxation
Www.nature.com/scientificreports neuropeptides play in the animals suggest that alternations in peptide expression, synthesis, or signalling could result in abnormalities or impaired function resulting in decreased fitness or death of parasite such as the salmon louse
Myosuppressin peptide has previously been detected in many Arthropod species, but was reported to be missing in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis[16]
Summary
Muscle activity is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory neuropeptides allowing for contraction and relaxation. In recent years, increased interest has been aimed at endocrine-based pest control strategy that involves development of drugs targeting neuropeptides in invertebrates[6,7,8] Neuropeptides, their receptors and enzymes involved in their metabolism, have long been considered as potential targets for the development of new chemotherapeutics, due to their various physiological and behavioural functions, conserved structure and widespread distribution in Arthropods, and the possibility that such targets could deliver specific and environment friendly treatment[9,10,11,12,13]. Www.nature.com/scientificreports neuropeptides play in the animals suggest that alternations in peptide expression, synthesis, or signalling could result in abnormalities or impaired function resulting in decreased fitness or death of parasite such as the salmon louse
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