Abstract
Scientific breakthroughs bring about significant advances in basic research, which ultimately lead to their applications for human welfare. One such discovery is RNA interference (RNAi), a highly conserved gene regulatory mechanism that controls the expression of genes at posttranscriptional level. Since the discovery of RNAi, it has become evident that RNAi has immense potential for crop improvement. The technology has been employed successfully to study the gene function and to alter the gene expression in plants for desired traits. RNAi has proved to be a novel and potential tool in combating abiotic and biotic stresses. Enriched nutritional quality, male sterility, delayed ripening, and secondary metabolite manipulation add to the list of successful applications of RNAi technology. This chapter focuses on the potential of RNAi technology to produce improved crop varieties.
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