Abstract
BackgroundCymbidium goeringii belongs to the Orchidaceae, which is one of the most abundant angiosperm families. Cymbidium goeringii consist with high economic value and characteristics include fragrance and multiple flower colors. Floral scent is one of the important strategies for ensuring fertilization. However, limited genetic data is available in this non-model plant, and little known about the molecular mechanism responsible for floral scent in this orchid. Transcriptome and expression profiling data are needed to identify genes and better understand the biological mechanisms of floral scents in this species. Present transcriptomic data provides basic information on the genes and enzymes related to and pathways involved in flower secondary metabolism in this plant.ResultsIn this study, RNA sequencing analyses were performed to identify changes in gene expression and biological pathways related scent metabolism. Three cDNA libraries were obtained from three developmental floral stages: closed bud, half flowering stage and full flowering stage. Using Illumina technique 159,616,374 clean reads were obtained and were assembled into 85,868 final unigenes (average length 1194 nt), 33.85% of which were annotated in the NCBI non redundant protein database. Among this unigenes 36,082 were assigned to gene ontology and 23,164 were combined with COG groups. Total 33,417 unigenes were assigned in 127 pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. According these transcriptomic data we identified number of candidates genes which differentially expressed in different developmental stages of flower related to fragrance biosynthesis. In q-RT-PCR most of the fragrance related genes highly expressed in half flowering stage.ConclusionsRNA-seq and DEG data provided comprehensive gene expression information at the transcriptional level that could be facilitate the molecular mechanisms of floral biosynthesis pathways in three developmental phase’s flowers in Cymbidium goeringii, moreover providing useful information for further analysis on C. goeringii, and other plants of genus Cymbidium.
Highlights
Cymbidium goeringii belongs to the Orchidaceae, which is one of the most abundant angiosperm families
Transcriptome sequencing of C. goeringii flowers To study the molecular basis of the scent biosynthesis in C. goeringii, flowers at the bud stage (A), the half flowering stage (B), and the full flowering stage (C) were chosen to construct three cDNA libraries (Fig. 2), which represented the onset, increase and peak phase of the scent emission pattern in C. goeringii (Fig. 1)
The transcript abundance of each individual unigenes in the C. goeringii floral transcriptome was represented by the log2 of Fragments per kilobase per million reads (FPKM) values (Fig. 4a)
Summary
Cymbidium goeringii belongs to the Orchidaceae, which is one of the most abundant angiosperm families. Limited genetic data is available in this non-model plant, and little known about the molecular mechanism responsible for floral scent in this orchid. Transcriptome and expression profiling data are needed to identify genes and better understand the biological mechanisms of floral scents in this species. Orchidaceae is one of the largest and most widespread families of flowering plants, with more than 25, 000 species [1]. The genus Cymbidium belongs to the Orchidaceae family [2, 3] and is economically important due to their beautiful and fragrant flowers. Cymbidium goeringii (spring orchid) is a fragrant flower. Cymbidium has remembered its status as a celebrity orchid for thousands of years since antiquity: Asian people treasure Cymbidium orchid flowers because of the fragrant blooms, flamboyant flower displays (of up to 30 flowers on a single spike), and attractive flowers that come in many different colors
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