Abstract
White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultured species along the Pacific coast and is one of the most important crustaceans in world aquaculture. The microbiome composition of L. vannamei has been previously studied in different developmental stages, but there is limited information regarding the functional role of the microbiome during the development of L. vannamei. In this study the metatranscriptome in different developmental stages of L. vannamei (larvae, juvenile and adult) were generated using next generation sequencing techniques. The bacterial phyla found throughout all the stages of development belonged to the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, these bacterial phyla are present in the digestive tract and are capable of producing several hydrolytic enzymes, which agrees with high representation of the primary metabolism and energy production, in both host and the microbiome. In this sense, functional changes were observed as the development progressed, in both host and the microbiome, in stages of larvae the most represented metabolic functions were associated with biomass production; while in juvenile and adult stages a higher proportion of metabolic functions associated to biotic and abiotic stress in L. vannamei and the microbiome were shown. This study provides evidence of the interaction of the microbiome with L. vannamei, and how the stage of development and the culture conditions of this species influences the gene expression and the microbiome composition, which suggests a complex metabolic network present throughout the life cycle of L. vannamei.
Highlights
The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultured crustacean in the PacificOcean and is considered one of the dominant shellfish in world aquaculture with a global production of 300 metric tons [1–7]
(Ansamycins) in the microbiome, were observed in a low proportion in the L. vannamei culture. These results suggest that L. vannamei is able to control the pathogenic infection through a series of host mechanisms and the action of the microbiome through the production of antimicrobial agents
The microbiome function in different stages of development in L. vannamei could be observed, where changes in the structure of the microbiome were observed as the development progressed
Summary
The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultured crustacean in the PacificOcean and is considered one of the dominant shellfish in world aquaculture with a global production of 300 metric tons [1–7]. The white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a widely cultured crustacean in the Pacific. The culture of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is widely extended due its adaptability to different environmental conditions. One of the strategies used to improve the production in L. vannamei, is microbiome manipulation through nutritional management or by the inclusion of probiotics. In this sense, the microorganisms that inhabit the host are capable of producing digestible molecules that improve growth, health status, life-span and the resistance to biotic and abiotic factors in different of shellfish species [2,9–12]. The digestive functions in several species of decapods are performed by the hepatopancreas; in this organ the interaction among bacteria and the host allows the absorption of different types of substrates [3,4,10,12–14]
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