Abstract
RNAs play a significant role in regulating gene expression and their principal areas have been exploited for the control of plant viruses by the discovery of RNA silencing mechanism. RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) is an innovative mechanism that regulates and restricts the amount of transcripts either by suppressing transcription (TGS) or by the degradation of sequence-specific RNA. RNAi can be used effectively to study the role of genes in a variety of eukaryotic organisms by reverse genetics. The technology has been employed in several fields such as drug resistance, therapeutics, development of genetically modified animals for research and transgenic plants targeting plant viruses. In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are the characteristic of 21 to 22 bp long dsRNA, which has been recognized by the regulatory mechanism of RNAi and leads to the sequence-specific degradation of target mRNA. In addition to virus disease control, RNAi can also be used to control mycotoxins and plant diseases caused by other organisms. This review enhances our current knowledge of RNAi and its larger applications in agriculture, specifically in plant virus disease management.
Highlights
Plant pathogens are a significant threat for the cultivation of crops and it creates difficulties in agriculture production, especially the plant viruses cause significant loss in the productivity of economically important crops around the world
Coat Protein (CP)- based RNA interference (RNAi) Pradeep et al (2012) established that sunflower and tobacco transgenic lines that are expressed with inverted repeat-Tobacco streak virus (TSV) coat protein (CP) gene showed the resistance to infection of TSV and lower levels of accumulation of TSV were observed compared with non-transgenic plants
Virupakshi (AAB) plants injected with Agrobacterium-containing construct did not produce any symptoms of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) after 45 days of infection whereas, non-injected plants have produced the symptoms, suggested the RNA mediated resistance.Suganyadevi et al (2019) developed the hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs) construct corresponding to replicase gene of groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV)
Summary
Plant pathogens are a significant threat for the cultivation of crops and it creates difficulties in agriculture production, especially the plant viruses cause significant loss in the productivity of economically important crops around the world. Coat Protein (CP)- based RNAi Pradeep et al (2012) established that sunflower and tobacco transgenic lines that are expressed with inverted repeat-TSV CP gene showed the resistance to infection of TSV and lower levels of accumulation of TSV were observed compared with non-transgenic plants. The tobacco plants transformed with hpRNA containing replicase gene of TSV through thetransformation mediated by Agrobacterium exhibited resistance to TSV upon mechanical inoculation and ELISA confirmed the lower level of virus titre in transgenic tobacco lines (Rajamanickam et al, 2015b). Virupakshi (AAB) plants injected with Agrobacterium-containing construct did not produce any symptoms of BBTV after 45 days of infection whereas, non-injected plants have produced the symptoms, suggested the RNA mediated resistance.Suganyadevi et al (2019) developed the hpRNA construct corresponding to replicase gene of groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV). PKM1 injected with Agrobacterium containing construct through inplanta transformation technique did not produce any symptoms, whereas non-transgenic plants produced the symptoms
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