Abstract
RNA-based therapies have been promising method for treating all kinds of diseases, and four siRNA-based drugs and two mRNA-based drugs have been approved and are on the market now. However, none of them is applied for cancer treatment. This is not only because of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, but also due to the intrinsic obstacles of RNAs. Until now, all kinds of strategies have been developed to improve the performance of RNAs for cancer therapy, especially the nanoparticle-based ones using biogenic materials. They are much more compatible with less toxicity compared to the ones using synthetic polymers, and the most widely studied biogenic materials are oligonucleotides, exosomes, and cell membranes. Particular characteristics make them show different capacities in internalization and endosomal escape as well as specific targeting. In this paper, we systematically summarize the RNA-based nano-delivery systems using biogenic materials for cancer therapy, and we believe this review will provide a valuable reference for researchers involved in the field of biogenic delivery and RNA-based therapies for cancer treatment.
Highlights
RNA therapy, including mRNA and RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, has received substantial attention in this decade, especially with the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak
Similar to cancer cell-derived exosomes, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes display high tumor targeting ability (Abello et al, 2019; Guo et al, 2019). This may be due to the intimate interaction between MSCs and tumor tissues, and the targeted co-delivery of oxaliplatin (OXA) which can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and galectin-9 small interfering RNA (siRNA) which is responsible for tumor immunosuppression reversal induces a significant synergistic effect for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treatment (Zhou et al, 2021)
In addition to improving endosomal escape capacity, the system formed by cationic BSA with worm-like shape seems to stay longer in the blood circulation and enhance accumulation of therapeutics within tumors than spherical ones
Summary
RNA Drug Delivery Using Biogenic Nanovehicles for Cancer Therapy. None of them is applied for cancer treatment This is because of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, and due to the intrinsic obstacles of RNAs. Until now, all kinds of strategies have been developed to improve the performance of RNAs for cancer therapy, especially the nanoparticle-based ones using biogenic materials. All kinds of strategies have been developed to improve the performance of RNAs for cancer therapy, especially the nanoparticle-based ones using biogenic materials They are much more compatible with less toxicity compared to the ones using synthetic polymers, and the most widely studied biogenic materials are oligonucleotides, exosomes, and cell membranes.
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