Rôle et nature du dérèglement de la relation sujet–environnement dans les théories du suicide

Abstract

Suicidology consists of several theoretical models: evolutionary, neurobiological, cognitive, empirical, psychoanalytic, vulnerability–stress, systemic. Most researchers share the idea of epigenetic, probabilistic, dynamic and multicausal origin of suicidal activity. The vulnerability–stress model includes most of the available scientific data and allows to lay the foundations of the suicidal process. Once the person is weakened, research has demonstrated in many wounding patients a lot of mechanisms that disrupt the subject–environment report. Psychological changes may affect cognitive sphere, self-conceptualization, emotional sphere, relational sphere, fantasy sphere, processes of action and self-control capabilities. This subject–environment disorder seems to cause four pre-suicidal states: an algesic state, a state of great vulnerability, a state of challenging the existential condition, and state of disrepute of the human condition. In response to these statements, the psyche will seek a change in suicide and relief program. The emergence of suicidal activity will be characterized by the irruption of ideas with autolytic content, preparatory behaviors, suicidal intent, and cognitive spiral. After spending a pain threshold or by the appearance of a trigger, pre-acting out process will hatch: setting state, agitation state, collapse of the fear of death, suspicious lull, intense emotional burst, narcissistic swelling. Reconstitution of the suicidal process is complex and requires further scientific research. The link between pain states and suicidal emergence is still unknown to this day.