Rizaitdin Fakhretdin’s spiritual experience in the development of the ideas of enlightening the peoples of the Volga and the Urals at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries: a historical and philosophical analysis

Abstract

This article attempts to analyze the educational views of an outstanding scholar-theologian of 19th-20th century, Rizaitdin Fakhretdin, whose fate and activities reflected the vicissitudes of the complex historical era of the changes in pre-revolutionary Russia and the hard years of the establishment of Soviet power in the regions of the Volga and the Urals. The spiritual dominant, as a factor of Enlightenment, forms the basis of the evolutionary development of the society. In the conditions of the development of modern Russia and the urgent need to develop the principles of peaceful coexistence of peoples and concessions, the philosophical study of the national and cultural heritage, spiritual experience, the values and traditions of generations, the place and role of ethnonational communities, the destinies of its ideological enlighteners in the spiritual life of modern Russia is of the highest importance. The article also focuses on the development of the spirituality of human being and the degree of enlightenment of the society, which are the foundation of the unity, stability, strength, and greatness of society and the state. The choice of the topic is dictated by both theoretical interest and practical needs. The contemporaru image of multinational Russia requires a serious historical and philosophical analysis of its social development. The heterogeneous immune nature of the Russian civilization facilitates the assimilation of spiritual and practical experience in the conditions of the coexistence of different peoples. The use of unique socio-historical knowledge stimulates the widening of the capacity of every social, confessional, national community to be involved in the strengthening of Russian unity.