Abstract
Significance Amid an outcry over the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, large numbers of accounts, ostensibly belonging to ordinary citizens (although many are fraudulent), have engaged in a campaign to promote positive material about the kingdom and to attack critics. The government is also taking legal measures against online dissent. Impacts Manipulation will result in ever-narrowing space for online debate. This will be combined with further draconian measures to crack down on online dissent. Riyadh will avoid blocking social media platforms, meaning the containment of debate will be partial.
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