Rivers and Streams

Abstract

Abstract Rivers and streams constitute a valuable resource for the people of East Africa. Rivers and streams are a major source of water for agricultural, industrial, and domestic use, produce fish, are important habitats for wildlife, and act as highways for commerce and trade. Rivers, streams, and their associated wetlands also harbor vectors of disease, and act as conduits for the disposal of waste generated by human beings. Population expansion and development projects have resulted in widespread land-use changes with far-reaching consequences for catchments and their drainage streams. Both direct use of, and indirect influences on, freshwater resources by human beings can result in the pollution of water making it unfit for domestic, agricultural, or industrial use. The management of riverine systems often requires balancing the goals of fish production, hydroelectric generation, wildlife habitat, drinking water, and irrigation use while controlling contamination and the spread of water-borne disease.