Abstract
We measured anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoantibody levels and assessed B cell subsets using multicolor flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a recurrent anti-NMDAR encephalitis case to evaluate the effectiveness of rituximab treatment. Rituximab depleted CD20+ fractions of naïve and memory B cell subsets and reduced the number of CD20− plasmablasts. This study suggests that short-lived plasmablasts are removed by rituximab-induced depletion of the CD20+ B cell population. Increased numbers of plasmablasts in PBMCs may be a candidate predictive factor for unfavorable prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis and an indication of when to commence second-line immunotherapy.
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