Úriszéken kívüli bíráskodás a Csanádi Püspökség Makói Uradalmában

Abstract

At the beginning of the 18th century the agricultural town of Makó (oppidum) became incorporated into the Bishopric of Csanád. As a consequence, the bishop-landowners obtained the rights and obligations of jurisdiction (impensio) over their serfs. In the town, developing into an economic and administrative centre, jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts (sedes dominalis) had existed from the very beginning. Their aims were fast and effective jurisdiction. Between 1717 and 1805 plenipotentiary representatives exercised this right. However, from the first decade of the 19th century it was the manor prosecutors (fiscalis) who discharged primary jurisdiction. László Kőszeghi, a bishop-landowner, at the same time (1805) as organising the estate of Makó, had also reformed he jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts. A separate representative led the administrative and economic offices. In the spirit of the legislation of 1836, the Bishopric had also established oral lawsuits in the court of justice in Makó; this had later replaced the administrative office. In 1838 – also according to legislation – criminal courts dealing with compulsory labour were organised, primarily to prevent the refusal of work by serfs resentful for the incresing burden falling on them.