Risks of mortgage lending in Ukraine: peculiarities of the war period

Abstract

The article analyzes mortgage lending as a type of credit for business entities under martial law in Ukraine and its risks from the perspective of participants to the procedure for obtaining/granting a secured loan. On the basis of scientific works of domestic scientists and institutes, problems have been identified that have not been studied but served as the basis for analyzing the situation with granting/receiving mortgage loans to Ukrainian farms during martial law, potential risks and ways to minimize them. On the basis of official statistics, the ratio of assets and liabilities among lending banks for the period 2016-2023 is studied. The main types of entrepreneurship in terms of profitability, which use a mortgage loan as one of the forms of attracting additional financial resources, are allocated for the period of 2017-2022. The peculiarities of mortgage lending to enterprises, which cause problems in determining the quantitative and qualitative assessment of emerging risks and cause changes in the planned results, are determined. The activities of the leading banks in providing mortgage lending as of February 1, 2023, in accordance with the type of economic activity of enterprises and the volume of loans granted, respectively, are investigated. On the basis the analysis, the main aspects that mortgage lending addresses at the micro and macro levels are identified. Having studied the risks inherent in the economic activities of lending participants based on the conditions of the pre-war and war periods, the conditions for granting mortgage loans by national banks, and foreign experience in mortgage lending, we have identified potential risks from the perspective of entities involved in the process of obtaining and granting this type of loan that are present in the lending process or may arise during the attraction and use of this type of liabilities. According to the above risks, the consequences for the participating entities are clearly described. The article describes the positive and negative aspects of mortgage lending, the factors influencing the activities of entities that provoke the use of a secured loan and the emergence of relevant risks, and provides methods for minimizing mortgage lending risks with a clear delineation of their position in the process of obtaining and granting a secured loan.