RISKS OF GENETIC EDITING OF THE HUMAN GENOME, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Abstract

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to take into account the risks of human genome editing (somatic and germ-line) taking into account the international recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the possibilities of introducing such editing into clinical practice. Potential benefits of human genome editing include new strategies for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic disorders, new treatments for infertility,innovative ways to increase disease resistance, they contribute to the development of vaccines and the expansion of knowledge about the human body as a whole. However, human genome editing requires examining risks and benefits. Purpose: to analyze the possible risks of human genome editing, taking into account the international recommendations of WHO to form the conditions for the admissibility of genetic eaiting in clinical practice. Methods: general scientific (logical, systemic, structural-functional, comparative, analogy and modeling, observation, analysis of international regulations: conventions, doctrines, treaties, resolutions, declarations, analysis of WHO activities based on information posted on websites), specific scientific (institutional, functional assessment, differentiation), special legal (formal legal, comparative legal interpretation).Results: human genome editing (somatic and germline) has significant potential for humanity and health, medicine and science systems. In the Russian Federation, there is a need to develop legislation to enable the application of genetic editing, taking into account risks and benefits; to define the concept and difference of somatic editing and germ-line editing; to fix thegrounds of restrictions of application of genetic editing in «serious disease or disorder of the organism» and «improvement of functions of the organism»; todefine the concept and legal status of embryo and other substances of embryonic origin, as well as possibilities of using embryos for scientific and medical purposes.