Risks for Rebleeding and In-Hospital Mortality after Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Tertiary Referral Center in Japan

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is one of the most common medical emergencies. We investigated the overall mortality after GIB in our institute and analyzed the prognostic factors in upper GIB (UGIB) and lower GIB (LGIB) separately. Summary: Between January 2010 and December 2018, 190 patients diagnosed with GIB in our hospital were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical records and biological data were collected. Risks for rebleeding and in-hospital mortality were assessed by a logistic regression analysis. Overall, the rebleeding rate and in-hospital mortality were 22.6 and 7.6%, respectively. GIB itself was not the direct cause of death in any cases. While older age (>65 years) was a significant risk factor for rebleeding in UGIB with an OR of 6.1 and 95% CI of 1.3–29.1, a poorer performance status (PS; ≥3) was a strong risk factor for rebleeding in LGIB, with an OR of 11.8 and 95% CI of 1.7–83.8. Poor PS and tachycardia (>100/min) were significantly associated with mortality in both UGIB and LGIB. In contrast, hypoalbuminemia (<3.0 g/dL) was associated with the mortality in LGIB alone. Key Messages: There were considerable differences in the risk factors for rebleeding and in-hospital mortality between UGIB and LGIB. The overall in-hospital mortality was 7.9% after GIB, including that a substantial portion of patients with GIB died from systemic complications after successful endoscopic hemostasis. Physicians need to diligently perform systematic treatment for GIB, which may be particularly important in societies of advancing aging, like Japan.