Abstract
BackgroundFor optimal development young children need warm, responsive, enriched and communicative environments for learning social, language, and other skills. Infants and toddlers exposed to psychosocial risk lack enriched environments and may present with communication delays.AimTo investigate the relationship between psychosocial risks and communication delays in infants from underserved communities in South Africa.SettingPrimary healthcare facilities in Tshwane district, South Africa.MethodsA parent interview and Rossetti Infant Toddler Language Scales were used to collect data from caregivers of 201 infants aged 6–12 months, selected through convenience sampling. Associations between communication delays and risks were determined (Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests). A log-linear model analysis was used to model the simultaneous effect of significant risks on the probability of having communication delays.ResultsCommunication delays were present in 13% of infants. Infants with two or more siblings, born from mothers aged 18–29 years who own their house, had a 39% chance of presenting with communication delays.ConclusionDevelopmental screening and early intervention is important in primary healthcare contexts in South Africa, as a clear relationship has been established between three risk factors and communication delays in infants.ContexteRisques associés à des retards de communication verbale chez les nourrissons des communautés sud-africaines non desservies.Pour s'épanouir complètement les jeunes enfants ont besoin d'un environnement chaud, réceptif, enrichi et communicatif pour apprendre le langage social et d'autres compétences. Les nourrissons et les tout-petits exposés à des risques psychosociaux souffrent d'un manque d'environnements enrichissants et pourraient souffrir de retards de communication verbale.ObjectifPour étudier la relation entre les risques psychosociaux et les retards de communication verbale chez les nourrissons des communautés non desservies en Afrique du Sud.LieuServices de soins primaires dans le district de Tshwane, en Afrique du Sud.MéthodesUne entrevue avec les parents et l'Echelle de Compétence linguistique pour les Nourrissons de Rossetti ont été utilisés pour rassembler les données de 201 nourrissons de 6 à 12 mois provenant de leurs gardiens, sélectionnés au moyen d'échantillonnages de proximité. On a remarqué un lien entre les retards et les risques de communication verbale (tests Chi carré et de Fisher). On a utilisé un modèle d'analyse log-linéaire pour modéliser l'effet simultané des risques importants sur la probabilité d'avoir des retards de communication verbale.RésultatsOn a trouvé des retards de communication verbale chez 13% des nourrissons. Les nourrissons qui vivent avec deux frères ou sœurs ou plus, nés de mères âgées de 18 à 29 ans qui ont leur propre maison, avaient 39% plus de chance d'avoir des retards de communication verbale.
Highlights
For optimal development young children need a warm, responsive, enriched and communicative environment for learning social, language and other skills.[1]
Communication delays were present in 13% of infants
Developmental screening and early intervention is important in primary healthcare contexts in South Africa, as a clear relationship has been established between three risk factors and communication delays in infants
Summary
For optimal development young children need a warm, responsive, enriched and communicative environment for learning social, language and other skills.[1] Infants and young children exposed to risk conditions may present with developmental delays or disorders that may impact socio-emotional, educational and vocational outcomes.[2] These risks include any potential factors that affect a child’s ability to interact with his or her environment,[3,4] which in turn results in developmental delays or disorders. For optimal development young children need warm, responsive, enriched and communicative environments for learning social, language, and other skills. Infants and toddlers exposed to psychosocial risk lack enriched environments and may present with communication delays
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