Abstract
The one-shot measurement of income is insufficient to describe social position, because economic volatility is the main factor leading to economic uncertainty and vulnerability of the majority of Africans across different income strata. With regard to safeguarding a certain social position, the central element is the welfare-mix. It includes risk minimisation through a combination of different sources of income, means of formal social security and semi-formal and informal security networks that reach across income strata. At the same time, the semi- and informal security networks may be a heavy load for better-off network members, because of the obligations to support other network members. This interplay between vulnerability and strategising of security provision, a vulnerability-security nexus, has a crucial influence on social positioning.
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