Risk Stratification in Women Enrolled in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry Emergency Module (ADHERE‐EM)

Abstract

It has been reported that the mortality risk for heart failure differs between men and women. It has been postulated that this is due to differences in comorbid features. Variation in risk profiles by gender may limit the performance of stratification algorithms available for heart failure in women. This analysis examined the ability of a published risk stratification model to predict outcomes in women. The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry Emergency Module (ADHERE-EM) database was used. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for men and women were compared. The ADHERE registry classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used for the risk stratification evaluation. Of 10,984 ADHERE-EM patients, 5,736 (52.2%) were women. In-hospital mortality was similar between men and women (p = 0.727). Significant differences (p < 0.0002) were noted by gender in all three variables in the CART model (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] > or = 43 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure < 115 mm Hg, and serum creatinine > or = 2.75 mg/dL). However, the CART model effectively stratified both genders into distinct risk groups with no significant difference in mortality by gender within stratified groups. The ADHERE Registry CART tool is effective at predicting risk in ED patients, regardless of gender.