Abstract
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial infection that mostly occurs in intensive care units, generally occurring 48 hours after intubation. Endotracheal intubation and the use of a mechanical ventilator are invasive measures by patients, having a therapeutic effect. This paper aimed to identify the use of oral hygiene materials for the incidence of pneumonia related to the use of a ventilator. The research design was by searching literature in five databases, namely PubMed, Proquest, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar, by taking all databases in English and Indonesian, published in the last ten years (2010-2020). There were six articles about the effectiveness of using oral hygiene as risk prevention for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) with various concentrations and volumes. Several oral health assessment tools that can be used are Oral Assessment Guide, Beck Oral Assessment Scale, or Mucosal-Plaque Score. Comprehensive implementation of oral hygiene can improve the oral health of patients with mechanical ventilation, so bacterial colonization that causes VAP can be prevented. Therefore, nurses need to understand and apply oral assessment instruments as a basis for giving intervention. Keywords: Intensive care unit, Oral hygiene, Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Highlights
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial infection that mostly occurs in intensive care units, generally occurring 48 hours after intubation
This paper aimed to identify the effects of using oral hygiene materials on the incidence of pneumonia-related use of a ventilator as the primary outcome
There was no significant difference in oral hygiene using Lactoperoxide and Chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Summary
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a type of nosocomial infection that mostly occurs in intensive care units, generally occurring 48 hours after intubation. Endotracheal intubation and the use of a mechanical ventilator are invasive measures by patients, having a therapeutic effect. There were six articles about the effectiveness of using oral hygiene as risk prevention for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) with various concentrations and volumes. Endotracheal intubation and the use of mechanical ventilators are invasive measures by patients who are treated in intensive care, but apart from having therapeutic effects, they can cause side effects. It was VentilatorAssociated Pneumonia, increased morbidity rates around 24-70 %, and in the length of stay 9.6 days, significantly increasing the cost of care and treatment at the hospital [3]. The continuous open oral causes the mucosa to become dry, saliva production decreases because the mechanical function of the mouth does not play a role after all food is inserted through a nasogastric tube
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