Abstract
Crowning the tops of geological cuts and occupying considerable territories in favorable physiographic conditions, loess rocks are the very basis, which have been actively used by human society since ancient times. For example, the Loess plateau in China is the place of origin of the Chinese civilization. The loess pseudo-karst began to develop actively in loess massifs because of development of a technogenesis and active construction of civil, industrial and hydraulic engineering constructions, water supply on earlier not-developed territories for agricultural development. This dangerous geological phenomenon leads to the destruction of structures, initiates development of landslides, collapses, mud streams, ravines and as the result, quite often forms pseudo-karstic bad land. Cases, when the increase in danger of a loess pseudo-karst at high degree of vulnerability of structures, resulted both in economic and social risk are known. Knowledge of principles of danger assessment of the loess pseudo-karst development during construction and maintenance of structures of different purposes as well as the developments which have not been involved in economic activity earlier will allow minimizing economic and social damages.
Highlights
Loess rock formations is the unique natural phenomenon. They possess some special properties, including ephemeral properties, which distinguish them from all the variety of formations of the Quaternary Period [1]
Cases of vertical boards of technogenic ravines up to 70 high and even 90 m, formed because of uncivilized dumping of irrigation waters from cotton plantations are noticed in the mountain camp Tajikistan
Loess pseudo-karst is the process of the hydrodynamic, gravitational, physical and chemical and biological zone processes proceeding in the undercompacted loess rocks in case of their superfluous, incidental moistening of the forms of the relief leading to education reminding typical karstic [10]
Summary
Loess rock formations is the unique natural phenomenon. They possess some special properties, including ephemeral properties, which distinguish them from all the variety of formations of the Quaternary Period [1]. Such properties as high porosity (up to 57%), low humidity, existence of carbonates, unstable structural communications, ability to subsidence and ability to a pseudo-kart formation, small number of readily soluble connections, ability to form and hold long periods vertical slopes, etc. Loess rocks were and remain the unique construction material, they can be considered as the most valuable mineral and raw resource, prepared by the Nature on the surface of continents of the Earth [4]
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