Abstract
Imidacloprid is a widely used neonicotinoid and provide successful control of different crop pests. Its excessive and frequent use nevertheless is leading to resistance in different insect pests across various geographical regions. In this study, we examined the risk of resistance development to imidacloprid, probability of cross-resistance and realized heritability (h2) to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in a sucking cotton pest Oxycarenus hyalinipennis. After 19 generations of continuous selection with imidacloprid, 146-fold increase in resistance was observed against this insecticide and its realized heritability was 0.21. Imidacloprid resistance selection did not mediate any cross-resistance to cypermethrin but it induced a low level of cross-resistance to nitenpyram and chlorpyrifos. According to the estimated imidacloprid resistance heritability, 12 and 5 generations would be required for a 10-fold LC50 increase at 30% and 70% selection pressure, respectively. The observed lack of cross-resistance with cypermethrin suggests its rotational use with imidacloprid to slow down the imidacloprid resistance in O. hyalinipennis.
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