Abstract
The shallot cropping pattern applied by farmers in the village of Pasir Demak is very likely to cause pollution. Pesticide contamination in pregnant women in the first trimester (3 months) can result in fetal death, low birth weight, and impaired intelligence (IQ). Preliminary research conducted in 2016 found that elementary schooler who came from Pasir Village, Demak had low learning achievement. It was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach; the respondents were Elementary Schooler grades 4, 5, and 6 (107 people) and the mothers of the students (107 people). Thus, the total respondents were 214 people. The IQ assessment instrument used the SPM and CPM instruments. The level of pesticide poisoning from the mother was to measure blood Cholin Esterase levels using a tintometer, the data were then statistically analyzed using Chi Square and Odd Ratio for risk factors. There were significant differences on the level of intelligence of children including the planting system p=0.002; room area p=0.047; ventilation area p=0.041; type of pesticide p=0.001; spraying before harvest p=0.007; spraying after harvest p=0.008; storage place for crop yields p=0.039, while the variables that did not show significant difference were the playing environment p=0.848; gestational age p=0.190; contact to pesticides p=0.105 and age p=0.418. Pesticide contamination in pregnant women in the 1st trimester which the time to process formation and development of the brain in the Temporal lobe and Frontal lobe will experience impaired learning and memory (IQ). Keywords : Elementary schooler; Pesticide exposure; Level of intelligence.
Highlights
Organophosphates, which kill pests by attacking the nervous system, have previously been linked to developmental delays and attention problems in children exposed during pregnancy (Grandjean et al, 2006)
Pregnant women who were exposed to the highest levels of pesticides had children at the age of 7 years with an IQ of seven points lower compared to the mean IQ of children with the same age whose mothers were shallow exposure to pesticides (Sánchez Lizardi et al, 2008)
Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) is used for children aged 11 years
Summary
Organophosphates, which kill pests by attacking the nervous system, have previously been linked to developmental delays and attention problems in children exposed during pregnancy (Grandjean et al, 2006). Researchers in two different sites found that children’s IQ tended to decrease proportionally because of exposure to pesticides during pregnancy. This case can have a further impact on decreased children’s performance, making them a generation that is not smart and productive and eventually, the contribution of this group to national development declined (Handal et al, 2007). Many women were gardeners or had family members who worked in the agricultural fields. When these women became pregnant, researchers tested their urine for several organophosphate standard chemical products using an exposure measurement tool (Starks et al, 2012). Pregnant women who were exposed to the highest levels of pesticides had children at the age of 7 years with an IQ of seven points lower compared to the mean IQ of children with the same age whose mothers were shallow exposure to pesticides (the mean was 100) (Sánchez Lizardi et al, 2008)
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