Risk of intervertebral disc joint puncture during lumbar puncture

Abstract

ObjectivePenetration of intervertebral disc joint during lumbar puncture might be unnoticed during procedure. However, accelerated degeneration of the disc joint is a long-term consequence of inadvertent penetration. In this paper, we aimed to demonstrate and evaluate the risk of disc puncture during standard lumbar puncture. Patients and Methods50 human cadavers were used in this study. Disc puncture risk was assessed by using worst case scenario model. Lumbar puncture was performed in a standard fashion using midline route at L3−4, L4−5 and L5-S1 levels. The needle was advanced until it hit resistance from the bone. Lateral X-ray was used to visualize the needle position. Needle ended up in two possible locations - posterior vertebral body wall and intervertebral disc space. ResultsThe probability of puncturing the joint was 20 % for L3−4, 38 % for L4−5, 16 % for L5-S1. Total probability of disc penetration was 25 %. Statistical analysis revealed significantly increased risk for performing LP at L4−5 level in comparison with L5-S1 (p = 0.023). ConclusionLumbar puncture carries significant risk of intervertebral disc penetration. This complication is not realized during the procedure and lead to accelerated joint degeneration.