Abstract
BackgroundAlthough previous studies have shown the relationship between different parental factors and children’s blood pressure status, there is limited data on the cumulative effect of these factors. Considering parental socio-demographic, behavioral and cardio-metabolic characteristics, the current study aimed to distinguish parental risk clusters and their impact on the incidence of hypertension in school-age children over 13 years.MethodsParental characteristics of 1669 children, including age, education, employment, smoking, physical activity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension (HTN), weight status, and diabetes were considered to categorize parents into low and high-risk clusters. Crude incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) of HTN in children were assessed in each maternal and paternal cluster. Using Cox proportional hazard model, results on the association between parental risk clusters and HTN incidence in children were reported in five different models.ResultsMean age of children was 13.96 ± 2.89 years, and 51.2% (n = 854) were girls. MetS, HTN, and weight status were the most important factors distinguishing low and high-risk parental clusters, respectively. Crude incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) of HTN were 86 (95% CI: 71–106) and 38 (95% CI, 29–52) in boys and girls, respectively. Moreover, incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) of HTN were 50 (95% CI, 40–63) and 80 (95% CI, 64–102) in maternal low and high-risk clusters, respectively. The incidence rates (per 10,000 person-years) of HTN in paternal low and high-risk clusters were 53 (95% CI, 41–70) and 68 (95% CI, 56–84), respectively.ConclusionOur findings underscore the prognostic value of maternal characteristics in predicting the incidence of HTN in their offspring. The current results could be valuable in planning related programs to prevent hypertension in similar communities.
Highlights
Hypertension (HTN) plays a pivotal role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]
Childhood HTN may not result in HTNrelated complications, as usually happens in adults, early stages of complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), early or structured atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria do occur in hypertensive children [5]
Data for this study was extracted from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), an ongoing community-based study, initiated in 1999-2001aimed at determining noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and their related risk factors in an urban population
Summary
Hypertension (HTN) plays a pivotal role in increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]. Findings of a national survey indicates an alarming rate of high blood pressure in Iranian adolescents, with a high constant trend in both rural and urban areas [4]. Childhood HTN may not result in HTNrelated complications, as usually happens in adults, early stages of complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), early or structured atherosclerosis and microalbuminuria do occur in hypertensive children [5]. Data available shows that hypertensive children and adolescents are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure in adulthood, indicating the importance of identifying its related risk factors to prevent this public health crisis in the early years of life [6]. Considering parental socio-demographic, behavioral and cardio-metabolic characteristics, the current study aimed to distinguish parental risk clusters and their impact on the incidence of hypertension in school-age children over 13 years
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