Abstract
Abstract
 HIV is a major health problem in the world. HIV infection has the effect of reducing immunity status and increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Antiretroviral (ART) use as a therapy for HIV also increases the risk of heart disease. Objective: This literature review aims to identify the risk of cardiovascular disorders in HIV patients in Indonesia. Method: literature review of articles published January 2009 to September 2018 using search keywords namely 'Anti-retroviral therapy', 'Cardiovascular disease', 'Corronary artery disease', and 'HIV'. Results: There were 21 journal articles that were relevant to the design and purpose of paper and 3 articles that discussed the risk of heart disease in HIV patients in Indonesia. The results of the literature review showed that HIV patients in Indonesia are at risk of developing cardiovascular disorders which are exacerbated by the use of ART and smoking behavior. The risk of cardiovascular disease includes structural abnormalities and coronary heart disease. Conclusion: HIV patients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This is a challenge for health workers, the government and researchers, to develop appropriate strategies and methods in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders especially in low-middle income country countries such as Indonesia.
 Keyword: Anti-retroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease, HIV, AIDS, HIV in Indonesia
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease, is a concern for HIV patients [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Another study conducted in Brazil aimed at predicting the risk of heart disease in HIV patients using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score found that 30% of HIV patients were at risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), and 55% were at risk of developing hypertension [10]
The results of a study conducted by Hidayat et al, 2018 in patients with HIV AIDS Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia showed that patients with CD4 ≤ 200 / mm3 had a higher risk of diastolic dysfunction and damage to heart structure including left ventricular abnormalities mass index (LVMI)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease, is a concern for HIV patients [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Another study conducted in Brazil aimed at predicting the risk of heart disease in HIV patients using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score found that 30% of HIV patients were at risk of CAD, and 55% were at risk of developing hypertension [10]. The need for antiretroviral therapy in Indonesia is expected to increase from approximately 30,000 patients in 2008 to almost 87,000 patients in 2014 [24] With such an incidence, studies on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients in Indonesia are still limited. This literature review aims to identify cardiovascular disease risk and factor-related in HIV-positive populations in Indonesia
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