Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Cancer Patients: Analysis of Mortality Data from the US SEER Population-Based Registries.

Roman Mezencev,Yury O Chernoff

doi:10.3390/cancers12040796

Roman Mezencev, Yury O Chernoff

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12040796

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Journal: Cancers	Publication Date: Mar 26, 2020
Citations: 19	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Georgia Institute of Technology, St Petersburg University

Abstract

Previous studies have reported an inverse association between cancer and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which are leading causes of human morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data to estimate the risk of AD death in (i) cancer patients relative to reference populations stratified on demographic and clinical variables, and (ii) female breast cancer (BC) patients treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, relative to those with no/unknown treatment status. Our results demonstrate the impact of race, cancer type, age and time since cancer diagnosis on the risk of AD death in cancer patients. While the risk of AD death was decreased in white patients diagnosed with various cancers at 45 or more years of age, it was increased in black patients diagnosed with cancers before 45 years of age (likely due to early onset AD). Chemotherapy decreased the risk of AD death in white women diagnosed with BC at the age of 65 or more, however radiotherapy displayed a more complex pattern with early decrease and late increase in the risk of AD death during a prolonged time interval after the treatment. Our data point to links between molecular mechanisms involved in cancer and AD, and to the potential applicability of some anti-cancer treatments against AD.

Highlights

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer are widespread diseases that have become major public health problems and leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world
We investigated the association between various solid tumors and leukemias and death due to AD, using the data reported by population-based SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Cancer Registries, which is considered the gold standard among cancer registries worldwide [28]
Our analysis of the risk of AD death in cancer patients relative to reference populations, stratified by race, cancer sites, age at diagnosis and time since cancer diagnosis, suggests a decreased risk of AD death in white patients diagnosed with different solid tumors or leukemias at the age of

Summary

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer are widespread diseases that have become major public health problems and leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Cancer represents the second leading cause of death in the United States (US), with almost 1,700,000 new cases and. 600,000 cancer-related deaths estimated for the year of 2016 [1]. AD is reportedly the sixth leading cause of death in the United States [2], with 5,000,000 estimated prevalent cases [3] and 93,541 reported deaths [2] in 2014, recent publications indicate that this is an underestimate and evaluate. A small fraction of AD cases are caused by autosomal dominant AD mutations, usually in the gene coding for the Aβ precursor or for the proteins that control processing of Aβ from the precursor. The majority of AD cases are of sporadic nature and are typically detected in older individuals (over 65, with a steep increase associated with further aging) [5,6]

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