Risk in Complex Systems

Abstract

This chapter discusses the theoretical framework of complex adaptive systems. Risk is a social construct, one created by the human actors who seek to manage a stable world, and who, aware of potential catastrophe, seek to prevent or reduce it. The challenge is how to construct a mode of considering risk holistically, but systematically in a dynamic environment that is prone to recurring hazards. Over decades, inquiry into risk and strategies to manage it have reexamined and redefined risk in relation to changing environments. Three broad themes have shaped this continuing dialogue in administrative theory and public policy. The first theme focuses on the impact of technology on social institutions, and whether changes introduced by advances in technology exceeded human capacity to manage institutions in constructive ways. The second theme focuses on the organization of collective action as a strategy to counter risk. As a third theme, the continuing dialogue addressed the escalating impact of risk on social organizations and institutions.