Abstract
BackgroundMany human epidemiologic studies demonstrate that maternal asthma confers greater risk of asthma to offspring than does paternal disease. However, a handful have shown the opposite. Given this disparity, a meta-analysis is necessary to determine the veracity and magnitude of the “maternal effect.”Methodology/Principal FindingsWe screened the medical literature from 1966 to 2009 and performed a meta-analysis to compare the effect of maternal asthma vs. paternal asthma on offspring asthma susceptibility. Aggregating data from 33 studies, the odds ratio for asthma in children of asthmatic mothers compared with non-asthmatic mothers was significantly increased at 3.04 (95% confidence interval: 2.59–3.56). The corresponding odds ratio for asthma in children of asthmatic fathers was increased at 2.44 (2.14–2.79). When comparing the odds ratios, maternal asthma conferred greater risk of disease than did paternal asthma (3.04 vs. 2.44, p = 0.037). When analyzing the studies in which asthma was diagnosed by a physician the odds ratios were attenuated and no significant differences were observed (2.85 vs. 2.48, N = 18, p = 0.37). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between maternal and paternal odds ratios when analyzing the studies in which the patient population was 5 years or older (3.15 vs. 2.60, p = 0.14). However, in all cases the trend remained the same, that maternal asthma was a greater risk factor for asthma than paternal.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results show that maternal asthma increases offspring disease risk to a greater extent than paternal disease.
Highlights
Asthma is a major public health issue
Conclusions/Significance: The results show that maternal asthma increases offspring disease risk to a greater extent than paternal disease
Most experts would agree that maternal asthma is a risk factor for offspring asthma, because of the differences in study design, it is difficult to determine if the magnitude of this ‘maternal effect’ is greater than the ‘paternal effect.’
Summary
Asthma is a major public health issue. In the United States alone, it affects 6.2 million children and 13.8 million adults, and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality [1]. But not all, of these studies have supported the common clinical perception that maternal asthma is associated with increased asthma risk in offspring, as compared to paternal asthma. These studies have varied in design, population composition, asthma definitions and size. Most experts would agree that maternal asthma is a risk factor for offspring asthma, because of the differences in study design, it is difficult to determine if the magnitude of this ‘maternal effect’ is greater than the ‘paternal effect.’. Given this disparity, a meta-analysis is necessary to determine the veracity and magnitude of the ‘‘maternal effect.’’
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