Abstract
To analyze the global burden of disease related to disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to selected risk factors in Brazil and its 27 Federated Units. Databases from the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil and its Federated Units were used, estimating the summary exposure value (SEV) for selected environmental, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors (RFs), and their combinations. The DALYs were used as the main metric. The ranking of major RFs between 1990 and 2015 was compiled, comparing data by sex and states. The analyzed RFs account for 38.8% of the loss of DALYs in the country. Dietary risks was the main cause of DALYs in 2015. In men, dietary risks contributed to 12.2% of DALYs and in women, to 11.1%. Other RFs were high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, smoking, high fasting plasma glucose and, among men, alcohol and drug use. The main RFs were metabolic and behavioral. In most states, dietary risks was the main RF, followed by high blood pressure. Dietary risks leads the RF ranking for Brazil and its Federated Units. Men are more exposed to behavioral risk factors, and women are more exposed to metabolic ones.
Highlights
A risk factor (RF) is considered as any exposure that increases the probability of occurrence of an illness or injury to health, and may occur in any part of the causal chain[1,2]
Dietary risks was the main cause of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2015
In 2015, 38.8% of the DALYs were attributed to the RFs in Brazil, whereas the non-attributable fraction corresponded to 61.2%
Summary
A risk factor (RF) is considered as any exposure that increases the probability of occurrence of an illness or injury to health, and may occur in any part of the causal chain[1,2]. The risk factors can be monitored by adopted behavior or by choices and decisions made regarding lifestyles[3]. Social determinants such as socioeconomic and cultural conditions and level of education influence RFs4. Since 1990, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has gained increasing interest and relevance in research on health systems in several countries[5,6]. Global measures for a broad set of countries started with GBD 2000. They continued in 2010, expanding the list to 67 RFs in 185 countries between 1990 and 20107. In 2015, the study comprised 79 RFs and their combinations, totaling 388 pairs of RFs, updated for the period from 1990 to 2015 for 195 countries, including Brazil and its 27 Federated Units (FUs)[2,8]
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