Abstract
Rio Grande do Sul, a State in southern Brazil, shows high mortality rates for esophageal cancer. Important geographical variations suggest external factors in the etiology. The relationship between smoking, alcohol and "mate" to esophageal cancer. 55 patients with esophageal cancer were interviewed, soon after the endoscopy, about risk factors; 110 patients who did not showed esophageal tumor in the endoscopy were the controls. Among the patients with esophageal cancer there were more farmer-workers (OD 3.3; 95% CI 0.9-11.2), father with antecedent cancer (OD 6.9; 95% CI 1.9-25.6), smoking and ex-smoking (OD 2.5; 95% CI 1.1-5.9), drinkers and ex- of alcohol (OD 5.3; 95% CI 2.6-11.0), drinkers and ex- of "mate" (OD 3.6; 95% CI 1.3-9.8). Others variables more frequent in the cases were: smoking for > 20 years; kind of alcohol (spirits), drinking alcohol every day, drinking "mate" every day and adding salt to food. Smoking, alcohol, "mate", farmer-workers and antecedent of father with cancer were significantly more frequent in the cases of esophageal cancer than in the controls.
Highlights
Rio Grande do Sul, a State in southern Brazil, shows high mortality rates for esophageal cancer
Others variables more frequent in the cases were: smoking for > 20 years; kind of alcohol, drinking alcohol every day, drinking “maté” every day and adding salt to food
Hot-water effect in the esophageal carcinogenesis experimental model in mice
Summary
Serviço de Endoscopia do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS. RESUMO: OBJETIVO. Álcool, mate, agricultores e antecedentes de pai com câncer foram significativamente mais freqüentes entre os casos de câncer de esôfago em relação aos controles. O coeficiente padronizado de mortalidade ao câncer de esôfago no Rio Grande do Sul, em 1989, sexo masculino, foi de 18/100.000 e sexo feminino de 5,2/100.000 habitantes, com diferenças importantes entre as 24 microregiões que compõem o estado. Países como Uruguai e Argentina, como também o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, constituem-se em áreas de alta mortalidade ao câncer de esôfago, quando comparados com dados publicados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, onde estão excluídas as regiões de alto risco da China e Irã, entre outras. O presente estudo caso-controle tem por objetivo estudar uma vez mais os fatores de risco ao câncer de esôfago no Rio Grande do Sul. Tabela 1 – Câncer de esôfago.
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