Risk Factors Relate to Visual Acuity in School Age Students of Public Primary School (SDN) 07 Pondok Labu South Jakarta

Mila Citrawati Asiyanto,Citra Ayu Aprilia,Yanti Harjono Hadiwiardjo

doi:10.15294/kemas.v15i3.18415

Mila Citrawati Asiyanto, Citra Ayu Aprilia + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v15i3.18415

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Abstract

Vision is one of the most important factors in the education process. Abnormalities of visual acuity in school-age children will impact their achievement. Myopia is appointed by WHO as one priority to restrain and prevent world blindness in 2020. Refraction disorder is third rank (0.14%) of blindness cause in Indonesia after cataract (0.78%) and glaucoma (0.20%). Jakarta itself has a 0.5% incidence of refraction disorder. This study was aimed to discover which factors determined the most to declining visual acuity which caused myopia. This was anobservational analytic study with a cross-sectional design from August – October 2017. The samples were all 144 students of fifth and sixth grade at Public Primary School (SDN) 07 Pondok Labu South Jakarta that compiled the criteria. Bivariate analysis results obtained that relation between risk factors with myopia occurrence with p-value of myopia family history 0.048 [OR=2.17(1.07-4.40)], knowledge 0.961 [OR=0.76(0.29-1.99) and, OR=0.90(0.39-2.05)], attitude 0.947 [OR=0.92(0.46-1.83)], behavior 0.149 [OR=0.43(0.18-1.02) and, OR=0.72 (0.32-1.63)], screen time 1.000[OR=0.99(0.51-1.91)], reading position 0.497 [OR=1.40(0.66-2.99)] dan reading distance 0.283 [OR=2.00(0.71-5.58)]. In conclusion, there was a relation between myopia family history with visual acuity and there was no relation between knowledge, attitude, behavior, screen time, reading position, dan reading distance with visual acuity. The main cause of myopia is the long anteroposterior axis of bulbus oculi that inherited from parents to children.

Highlights

Visual acuity is one of the most important factors in the educational process
In pursuance of Indonesia Health Ministry in Fauzi (2016) that visual impairment and blindness in Indonesia increased with the prevalence of 1.5% and was highest compared to blindness number in Asian regional countries
Bivariate analysis was done by Chi-square and Fisher or Kolgomorov Smirnov test to analyze factors that relate to visual acuity of SDN 07 students, Pondok Labu South Jakarta

Summary

Introduction

Visual acuity is one of the most important factors in the educational process. In the conventional classroom studying process, visual acuity becomes the most significant factor due to the ratio of class area to the number of students that often inadequate. Refraction disorder that does not correct (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) is the cause of visual impairment, while cataract is the primer cause of blindness in developing countries. Total question for attitude was 10 questions with r between 0.366-0.551 and Cronbach alpha 0.697 This means all questions were valid and reliable. The total question for behavior was 10 questions with r between 0.473-0.660 and Cronbach alpha 0.897 Univariate analysis was to describe a respondent characteristic, myopia history, knowledge level, attitude, behavior, screen time, reading position, reading range, and visual acuity. Bivariate analysis was done by Chi-square and Fisher or Kolgomorov Smirnov test to analyze factors that relate to visual acuity of SDN 07 students, Pondok Labu South Jakarta.

Age years old

Findings

Reading Distance