Risk factors of sarcopenia in Wagner grade 2 diabetic foot ulcer

Abstract

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia in Wagner grade 2 diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods A total of 273 patients with Wagner grade 2 DFU were recruited from diabetic foot center of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University in 2016, and divided into sarcopenia group (n=38) and non-sarcopenia group (n=235) according to bioelectrical impedance analysis, appendicular skeletal mass index, short physical performance battery and handgrip strength. Parameters of fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, ankle brachial index (ABI), nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcPO2) were compared between these 2 groups;muscle area and density were calculated by computed tomography. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia was 13.97% (38/273). Age, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, NCV, diabetic course were significantly different between these two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, diabetic course, NCV, TcPO2 and ABI were risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with Wagner grade 2 DFU (OR=4.281, 6.114, 2.895, 1.093, 5.460, 1.160, 95%CI: 1.751-10.543, 1.202-31.094, 1.185-5.846, 1.012-1.180, 1.793-16.624, 1.020-1.300, all P<0.05). Conclusion Sarcopenia tends to present in Wagner grade 2 DFU with advanced age, long diabetic course, long-term poor glucose control and poor vascular and nerval function of extremities. Key words: Diabetic foot; Sarcopenia; Risk factors